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April 13 is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . There are 262 days remaining until the end of the year.
It is also the Ides (middle day) of April .
Events
1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor .1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople .1250 - The Seventh Crusade is defeated in Egypt , Louis IX of France is captured.1256 - The Grand Union of the Augustinian order formed when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull Licet ecclesiae catholicae.1598 - Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes , allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots . (Edict repealed in 1685 .)1742 - George Frideric Handel 's oratorio Messiah Dublin , Ireland .1796 - The first elephant ever seen in the United States arrives from India .1829 - The British Parliament grants freedom of religion to Roman Catholics .1849 - Hungary becomes a republic .1861 - American Civil War : Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces.1868 - Abyssinian War ends as British and Indian troops capture Magdala .1870 - Metropolitan Museum of Art founded.1873 - The Colfax Massacre takes place.1902 - James C. Penney opens his first store in Kemmerer, Wyoming .1919 - The Establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea .1919 - Jallianwala Bagh massacre : British troops massacre at least 379 unarmed demonstrators in Amritsar , India. At least 1200 wounded.
1921 - Foundation of the Spanish Communist Workers' Party .1939 - In India, the Hindustani Lal Sena (Indian Red Army) is formed and vows to engage in armed struggle against the British.1941 - Pact of neutrality between the USSR and Japan is signed.1943 - World War II : The discovery of a mass grave of Polish prisoners of war executed by Soviet forces in the Katyń Forest Massacre is announced, alienating the Western Allies , the Polish government in exile in London , from the Soviet Union.1943 - James Boarman , Fred Hunter, Harold Brest and Floyd G. Hamilton take part in an Alcatraz escape attempt .
1943 - The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C. , on the 200th anniversary of Thomas Jefferson 's birth.
1944 - The diplomatic relations between New Zealand and the Soviet Union are established.1945 - German troops kill more than 1,000 political and military prisoners in Gardelegen Germany .1948 - Seventy-seven doctors, nurses and medical students from Hadassah Hospital are ambushed and massacred by Arabs in Sheikh Jarra near Jerusalem .1953 - CIA director Allen Dulles launches the mind-control program MKULTRA .1958 - Van Cliburn is the first American to win the Chaikovsky Compettion in Moscow .1969 - Closure of the Brisbane tramway network .1970 - An oxygen tank aboard Apollo 13 explodes, putting the crew in great danger and causing major damage to the spacecraft while en route to the Moon.1972 - The Universal Postal Union decides to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative, effectively expelling the Republic of China administering Taiwan .1974 - Western Union (in cooperation with NASA and Hughes Aircraft ) launches the U.S.'s first commercial geosynchronous communications satellite , Westar 1 .1975 - Bus Massacre in Lebanon : Attack by Phalangist militia gunmen kill 27 Palestinian civilians and marks the start of the 15-year Lebanese civil war .1979 - Tanzania and Zambia recognize Yusufu Lule as President of Uganda .1983 - Harold Washington is elected as the first African-American mayor in Chicago's history.1984 - India moves into Siachen Glacier thus annexes more territory from the Line of Control . The challenger Shuttle lands after retrieving, repairing and redeploying a satellite.1985 - Enver Hoxha is succeeded by Ramiz Alia as the leader of Albania .1987 - Portugal and the People's Republic of China sign an agreement in which Macau would be returned to China in 1999 .1992 - The Great Chicago Flood happened on this day.1992 - Neil Kinnock resigns as British Labour leader following the party's defeat by the Conservatives in the general election four days earlier.1997 - Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win golf's Masters Tournament .2002 - Pedro Carmona, interim president of Venezuela , resigns one day after taking office.2006 - Powerful tornadoes rip through Iowa City , Iowa .
Births
1506 - Peter Faber , French Jesuit theologian (d. 1546 )1519 - Catherine de' Medici , wife of Henry II of France (d. 1589 )1547 - Elisabeth of Valois , third wife of Philip II of Spain (d. 1568 )1570 - Guy Fawkes , English Catholic conspirator (d. 1606 )1573 - Christina of Holstein-Gottorp , queen consort of Sweden (d. 1625 )1584 - Albert VI of Bavaria (d. 1666 )1593 - Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford , English statesman (d. 1641 )1618 - Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy , French writer (d. 1693 )1648 - Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motte Guyon , French mystic (d. 1717 )1715 - John Hanson , President of the United States in Congress Assembled (d. 1783 )1729 - Thomas Percy , Bishop and magazine editor (d. 1811 )1732 - Frederick North, Lord North , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1792 )1735 - Isaac Low , delegate to the Continental Congress (d. 1791 )1743 - Thomas Jefferson , 3rd President of the United States (d. 1826 )1747 - Louis Philip II, Duke of Orléans (d. 1793 )1764 - Laurent, Marquis de Gouvion Saint-Cyr , French marshal (d. 1830 )1769 - Thomas Lawrence , English painter (d. 1830 )1771 - Richard Trevithick , English engineer and inventor (d. 1833 )1780 - Alexander Mitchell , Irish engineer (d. 1868 )1784 - Friedrich Graf von Wrangel , Prussian field marshal (d. 1877 )1787 - John Robertson , U.S. politician (d. 1873 )1802 - Leopold Fitzinger , Austrian zoologist (d. 1884 )1808 - Antonio Meucci , Italian inventor (d. 1896 )1825 - Thomas D'Arcy McGee , Canadian journalist and politician (d. 1868 )1828 - Joseph Barber Lightfoot , English theologian and Bishop (d. 1889 )1832 - Juan Montalvo , Ecuadoran author (d. 1889 )1841 - Louis-Ernest Barrias , French sculptor (d. 1905 )1850 - Arthur Matthew Weld Downing , British astronomer (d. 1917 )1851 - Robert Abbe , American surgeon (d. 1928 )1852 - F.W. Woolworth , American businessman (d. 1919 )1860 - James Ensor , Belgian painter (d. 1949 )1866 - Butch Cassidy , American outlaw (d. 1908 )1872 - Alexander Roda Roda , Austrian writer (d. 1945 )1873 - John W. Davis , American politician (d. 1955 )1875 - Ray Lyman Wilbur , U.S. university president and politician (d. 1949 )1879 - Edward Bruce , Director art projects (d. 1943 )1880 - Charles Christie , Canadian film studio owner (d. 1955 )1885 - Georg Lukács , Hungarian-born philosopher and literary critic (d. 1971 )1885 - Vean Gregg , American baseball player (d. 1964 )
1887 - Gordon S. Fahrni , Canadian physician and President of the Canadian Medical Association (d. 1995 )1889 - Herbert Osborne Yardley , American cryptographer (d. 1958 )1890 - Frank Murphy , American public servant (d. 1949 )1891 - Maurice Vincent Buckley , Australian winner of the Victoria Cross (d. 1921 )1891 - Nella Larsen , African-American novelist (d. 1964 )
1892 - Arthur Travers 'Bomber' Harris , British Air Force commander (d. 1984 )1892 - Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt , Scottish inventor (d. 1973 )
1895 - Arthur Fadden , thirteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1973 )1897 - Werner Voss , German World War I pilot (d. 1917 )1899 - Alfred Mosher Butts , American architect and Scrabble inventor (d. 1993 )1900 - Pierre Molinier , French painter and photographer (d. 1976 )1901 - Jacques Lacan , French psychoanalyst and semanticist (d. 1981 )1902 - Philippe de Rothschild , French race car driver and wine grower (d. 1988 )1904 - Sir David Robinson , British philanthropist and entrepreneur (d. 1987 )1906 - Samuel Beckett , Irish writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1989 )1906 - Bud Freeman , American musician (d. 1991 )
1907 - Harold Stassen , American Presidential candidate (d. 2001 )1909 - Stanislaw Marcin Ulam , Polish mathematician (d. 1984 )1909 - Eudora Welty , American writer (d. 2001 )
1911 - Ico Hitrec , Croatian footballer (d. 1946 )1911 - Jean-Louis Lévesque , Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist (d. 1994 )
1916 - Phyllis Fraser Cerf Wagner , American actress, journalist, and publisher (d. 2006 )1917 - Robert O. Anderson , American businessman (d. 2007 )1919 - Roland Gaucher , French journalist1919 - Howard Keel , American actor, singer, and president of the Screen Actors Guild (d. 2004 )
1919 - Madalyn Murray O'Hair , American atheist activist (d. 1995 )
1919 - Phil Tonken , American radio and television announcer (d. 2000 )
1920 - Roberto Calvi , Italian banker (d. 1982 )1920 - Claude Cheysson , French politician
1920 - Liam Cosgrave , fifth Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland
1920 - John LaPorta , American musician (d. 2004 )
1922 - John Braine , British novelist (d. 1986 )1922 - Julius Nyerere , Tanzanian politician (d. 1999 )
1923 - Don Adams , American actor and comedian (d. 2005 )1924 - Jack Chick , American evangelist1924 - Stanley Donen , American film director
1926 - John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough 1926 - Ellie Lambeti , Greek actress (d. 1983 )
1927 - Maurice Ronet , French film actor (d. 1983 )1928 - Alan Clark , English politician (d. 1999 )1931 - Robert Enrico , French film director and screenwriter (d. 2001 )1931 - Dan Gurney , American race car driver and team owner
1931 - Jon Stone , co-creator of Sesame Street 1997 )
1932 - Orlando Letelier , Chilean politician (d. 1976 )1933 - Ben Nighthorse Campbell , U.S. politician1935 - Lyle Waggoner , American actor1937 - Edward Fox , English actor1937 - Lanford Wilson , American playwright
1939 - Seamus Heaney , Irish writer, Nobel laureate 1939 - Paul Sorvino , American actor
1940 - Mike Beuttler , British racing driver (d. 1988 )1940 - Jim McNab , Scottish footballer (d. 2006 )
1941 - Michael Stuart Brown , American geneticist, Nobel laureate 1942 - Bill Conti , American composer1942 - Ataol Behramoglu Turkish poet and writer.1943 - Billy Kidd , American skier1944 - Jack Casady , American musician1944 - Susan Davis , American politician
1944 - Brian Pendleton , musician (d. 2001 )
1945 - Tony Dow , American actor1945 - Lowell George , American singer/guitarist (d. 1979 )
1945 - Bob Kalsu , American football player (d. 1970 )
1945 - Judy Nunn , Australian actress
1945 - Charles Robinson , American actor
1946 - Al Green , American singer and pastor1947 - Thanos Mikroutsikos , Greek composer & former minister1948 - Sue Doughty , British politician1948 - Nam Hae-il , Chief of Naval Operations of Republic of Korea Navy
1949 - Frank Doran , Scottish politician1949 - Christopher Hitchens , English-born journalist, critic, and author
1949 - Ricardo Zuniño , Argentine racing driver
1950 - Terry Lester , American actor (d. 2003 )1950 - Ron Perlman , American actor
1950 - William Sadler , American actor
1951 - Peabo Bryson , American singer1951 - Peter Davison , English actor
1951 - Joachim Streich , East German footballer
1951 - Max Weinberg , American drummer
1952 - Ron Dittemore , American space administrator1952 - David Drew , British politician
1952 - Erick Avari , British-Indian actor
1953 - Stephen Byers , British politician1954 - Niels Olsen , Danish singer1955 - Ole von Beust , Mayor of Hamburg1955 - Lupe Pintor , Mexican boxer
1956 - Peter 'Possum' Bourne , New Zealand rally driver (d. 2003 )1957 - Saundra Santiago , American actress1957 - Dallas Moir , Scottish cricketer
1957 - Amy Goodman , American activist, host of Democracy Now
1960 - Rudi Völler , German football coach1960 - Bob Casey, Jr. , Democratic U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania
1960 - Olaf Ludwig , German cyclist
1961 - Hiro Yamamoto , American rock bassist1962 - Dave Miley , former baseball player and manager1962 - Hillel Slovak , Israeli-born guitarist (d. 1988 )
1962 - Jennifer Rubin , American actress
1963 - Garry Kasparov , Russian chess player1964 - Davis Love III , Professional Golfer1964 - Caroline Rhea , Canadian actress1965 - Patricio Pouchulu , Argentinean architect1966 - Ali Boumnijel , Tunisian football player1966 - Marc Ford , American musician
1967 - Olga Tañón , Puerto Rican singer1970 - Monty Brown , American professional wrestler1970 - Gerry Creaney , Scottish footballer
1970 - Rick Schroder , American actor
1970 - Szilveszter Csollány , Hungarian gymnast , Olympic gold medalist
1970 - Ricardo Rincon , Mexican baseball player
1971 - Dina Korzun , Russian actress1971 - Bo Outlaw , American basketball player
1971 - Valensia , Dutch singer
1972 - Mariusz Czerkawski , Polish ice hockey player1972 - Aaron Lewis , American singer (Staind )
1974 - Darren Turner , British Race Driver1974 - Sergei Gonchar , Russian ice hockey player
1974 - David Zdrilić , Australian soccer player
1975 - Lou Bega , German-born musician and artist1975 - Bruce Dyer , English footballer
1976 - Jonathan Brandis , American actor (d. 2003 )1976 - Valentina Cervi , Italian actress
1976 - Patrik Eliáš , Czech ice hockey player
1976 - Yu Ji-tae , South Korean actor
1978 - Arron Asham , Canadian ice hockey player1978 - Kyle Howard , American actor
1978 - Carles Puyol , Spanish footballer
1978 - Chris Sligh , American Idol finalist
1979 - Baron Davis , American basketball player1979 - Meghann Shaughnessy , American tennis player
1980 - Jana Cova , Czech pornographic actress1980 - Quentin Richardson , American basketball player
1980 - Colleen Clinkenbeard , American voice actress
1981 - Courtney Peldon , American actress1981 - Nat Borchers , American soccer player
1982 - Nellie McKay , American singer1982 - Janice Vidal , Hong Kong singer
1982 - Jill Vidal , Hong Kong singer
1983 - Schalk Burger , South African rugby player1983 - Hunter Pence , American baseball player
1984 - Hiro Mizushima , Japanese actor1987 - Brandon Hardesty , American internet entertainer1988 - Anderson Luís de Abreu Oliveira , Brazilian footballer1992 - Emma Degerstedt , American actress1997 - Sloane Momsen , American actress
Deaths
799 - Paul the Deacon , Italian monk and chronicler (born c. 720 )814 - Krum of Bulgaria 1093 - Prince Vsevolod I of Kiev (b. 1030 )1279 - Boleslaw the Pious , Polish duke1605 - Boris Godunov , Tsar of Russia (born c. 1551 )1612 - Sasaki Kojirō , Japanese samurai1635 - Fakhr-al-Din II , Druze Prince of Lebanon (b. 1572 )1638 - Henri, duc de Rohan , French Huguenot leader (b. 1579 )1641 - Richard Montagu , English clergyman (b. 1577 )1695 - Jean de la Fontaine , French author (b. 1621 )1722 - Charles Leslie , Irish Anglican theologian (b. 1650 )1793 - Pierre Gaspard Chaumette , French revolutionary (b. 1763 )1794 - Nicolas Chamfort , French writer (b. 1741 )1826 - Franz Danzi , German composer (b. 1763 )1853 - Leopold Gmelin , German chemist (b. 1788 )1853 - James Iredell, Jr. , American politician (b. 1788 )
1855 - Henry De la Beche , English geologist (b. 1796 )1868 - Tewodros II , Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1818 )1880 - Robert Fortune , Scottish botanist (b. 1813 )1882 - Bruno Bauer , German theologian (b. 1809 )1890 - Samuel J. Randall , American politician (b. 1828 )1909 - Whitley Stokes , British lawyer (b. 1830 )1910 - William Quiller Orchardson , British painter (b. 1835 )1911 - George Washington Glick , American politician (b. 1827 )1911 - John McLane , American politician (b. 1852 )
1912 - Ishikawa Takuboku , Japanese author (b. 1886 )1918 - Lavr Georgevich Kornilov , Russian general (b. 1870 )1936 - Milton Brown , American swing bandleader (b. 1903 )1938 - Archibald Belaney , Canadian conservationist (b. 1888 )1941 - Annie Jump Cannon , American astronomer (b. 1863 )1944 - Cécile Chaminade , French composer and pianist (b. 1857 )1945 - Ernst Cassirer , German philosopher (b. 1874 )1954 - Angus Lewis Macdonald , Canadian politician (b. 1890 )1959 - Eduard van Beinum , Dutch conductor (b. 1901 )1961 - John A. Bennett , American convicted rapist (b. 1935 )1962 - Culbert Olson , American politician (b. 1876 )1966 - Abdul Salam Arif , Iraqi politician (b. 1921 )1966 - Georges Duhamel , French writer (b. 1884 )
1971 - Michel Brière , Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1949 )1971 - Juhan Smuul , Estonian author (b. 1921 )
1975 - Larry Parks , American actor (b. 1914 )1975 - François (Ngarta) Tombalbaye , Chadian politician (b. 1918 )
1978 - Jack Chambers , Canadian artist (b. 1931 )1980 - Markus Höttinger , Austrian racing driver (b. 1956 )1981 - Prince Asaka Yasuhiko of Japan (b. 1887 )1983 - Theodore Stephanides , Greek doctor and naturalist (b. 1896 )1984 - Richard Hurndall . British actor (b. 1910 )1984 - Ralph Kirkpatrick , American musician (b. 1911 )
1984 - Dionyssis Papayannopoulos , Greek actor (b. 1912 )
1986 - Stephen Stucker . American actor (b. 1947 )1993 - Wallace Stegner , American writer (b. 1909 )1997 - Dorothy Frooks , American author and military figure (b. 1896 )1997 - Voldemar Väli , Estonian wrestler (b. 1903 )
1998 - Patrick de Gayardon , French skydiver and skysurfer (b. 1960 )1999 - Ortvin Sarapu , New Zealand chess player (b. 1924 )1999 - Willi Stoph , German politician (b. 1914 )
2000 - Giorgio Bassani , Italian writer (b. 1916 )2001 - Robert Moon , American postal inspector (b. 1917 )2002 - Desmond Titterington , Northern Irish racecar driver (b. 1928 )2003 - Possum Bourne , New Zealand rally car driver (b. 1956 2004 - Lou Berberet , American baseball player (b. 1929 )2004 - Caron Keating , British television presenter (b. 1962 )
2005 - Don Blasingame , American baseball player (b. 1932 )2005 - Johnnie Johnson , American blues musician (b. 1924 )
2005 - Johnny Loughrey , Irish singer (b. 1945 )
2005 - Philippe Volter , Belgian actor (b. 1959 )
2006 - Bill Baker , American baseball player (b. 1911 )2007 - Don Selwyn , Māori actor and film director (b. circa 1936 )2008 - John Wheeler , American physicist and educator (b. 1911 )
Holidays and observances
In the Catholic Church:
External links
