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April 14 leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . There are 261 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum : Mark Antony , besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Mutina , defeats the forces of the consul Pansa , who is killed.69 - Vitellius , commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Emperor Otho in the Battle of Bedriacum and seizes the throne.1028 - Henry III , son of Conrad , is elected king of the Germans .1205 - Battle of Adrianople between Bulgarians and Crusaders .1341 - Sack of Saluzzo (Italy ) by Italian-Angevine troops under Manfred V of Saluzzo .1434 - The foundation stone of Cathedral St. Peter and St. Paul in Nantes , France is laid.1471 - In England , the Yorkists under Edward IV defeat the Lancastrians under Warwick at the battle of Barnet ; the Earl of Warwick is killed and Edward IV resumes the throne.1699 - Khalsa : Birth of Khalsa, the brotherhood of the Sikh religion, in Northern India in accordance with the Nanakshahi calendar .1775 - The first abolition society in North America is established. The "Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage " is organized in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania by Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush .1828 - Noah Webster copyrights the first edition of his dictionary .1831 - Soldiers marching on a bridge in Manchester , England cause it to collapse.1846 - The Donner Party of pioneers departs Springfield, Illinois , for California , on what will become a year-long journey of hardship, cannibalism , and survival.1849 - Hungary declares itself independent of Austria with Louis Kossuth as its leader.1860 - The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California .1864 - Battle of Dybbøl : A Prussian -Austrian army defeats Denmark and gains control of Schleswig . Denmark surrenders the province in the following peace settlement.1865 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is shot in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth .1865 - U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward and his family are attacked in his home by Lewis Powell .
1881 - The Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight erupts in El Paso, Texas .1890 - The Pan-American Union is founded by the First International Conference of American States in Washington, D.C. 1894 - Thomas Edison demonstrates the kinetoscope , a device for peep-show viewing using photographs that flip in sequence, a precursor to movies .1912 - The British passenger liner RMS Titanic hits an iceberg in the North Atlantic , and sinks the following morning with the loss of 1,503 lives.1915 - The Turks invade Armenia .1927 - The first Volvo car premieres in Gothenburg , Sweden .1931 - Spanish Cortes deposes King Alfonso XIII and proclaims the 2nd Spanish Republic .1935 - "Black Sunday ", the worst dust storm of the U.S. Dust Bowl .1940 - World War II : Royal Marines land in Namsos , Norway in preparation for a larger force to arrive two days later.1941 - World War II: The Ustashe , a Croatian far-right organization is put in charge of the Independent State of Croatia by the Axis Powers after the Axis Operation 25 invasion. In addition, Rommel attacks Tobruk.1944 - Bombay Explosion (1944) : A massive explosion in the Bombay harbor kills 300 causes economic damage valued then at 20 million pounds.1945 - Osijek , Croatia , is liberated from fascist occupation.1956 - In Chicago, Illinois (U.S.), videotape is first demonstrated.1958 - The Soviet satellite Sputnik 2 falls from orbit after a mission duration of 162 days.1961 - Yuri Gagarin is greeted by mass crowds and Khrushchev in Red Square following his historic first space flight on 12th April1962 - Georges Pompidou becomes Prime Minister of France .1968 - At the U.S. Academy Awards , a tie for the Academy Award for Best Actress is acheived by Katharine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand .1978 - 1978 Tbilisi Demonstrations : Thousands of Georgians demonstrate against Soviet attempts to change the constitutional status of the Georgian language .1981 - STS-1 - The first operational space shuttle , Columbia (OV-102 ) completes its first test flight.1986 - In retaliation for the April 5 bombing in West Berlin that killed two U.S. servicemen, U.S. president Ronald Reagan orders major bombing raids against Libya , killing 60 people.1986 - 1 kg (2.2 pound) hailstones fall on the Gopalganj district of Bangladesh , killing 92. These are the heaviest hailstones ever recorded.
1988 - The USS Samuel B. Roberts strikes a mine in the Persian Gulf during Operation Earnest Will .1988 - In a United Nations ceremony in Geneva , Switzerland , the Soviet Union signs an agreement pledging to withdraw its troops from Afghanistan .
1994 - In a U.S. friendly fire incident during Operation Provide Comfort in northern Iraq , two United States Air Force aircraft mistakenly shoot-down two United States Army helicopters , killing 26 people.1999 - NATO mistakenly bombs a convoy of ethnic Albanian refugees - Yugoslav officials say 75 people are killed.1999 - A severe hailstorm strikes Sydney , Australia causing A$ 1.7 billion in insured damages, the most costly natural disaster in Australian history.2000 - Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich files a lawsuit against P2P sharing phenomenon Napster . This law-suit eventually leads the movement against file-sharing programs.2002 - Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez returns to office two days after being ousted and arrested by the country's military.2003 - The Human Genome Project is completed with 99% of the human genome sequenced to an accuracy of 99.99%.2003 - U.S. troops in Baghdad capture Abu Abbas , leader of the Palestinian group that killed an American on the hijacked cruise liner the Achille Lauro 1985 .
2005 - The U.S. Oregon Supreme Court nullifies marriage licenses issued to gay couples a year earlier by Multnomah County .2007 - At least 200,000 demonstrators in Ankara , Turkey protest against the possible candidacy of incumbent Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan .
Births
1336 - Emperor Go-Kōgon of Japan (d. 1374 )1572 - Adam Tanner , Austrian mathematician (d. 1632 )1578 - King Philip III of Spain (d. 1621 )1629 - Christiaan Huygens , Dutch mathematician (d. 1695 )1668 - Magnus Julius De la Gardie , Swedish General (d. 1741 )1714 - Adam Gib , Scottish religious leader (d. 1788 )1738 - William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1809 )1741 - Emperor Momozono of Japan (d. 1762 )1773 - Jean-Baptiste de Villèle , French statesman (d. 1854 )1788 - David G. Burnet , interim president of the Republic of Texas (d. 1870 )1818 - Marie of Saxe-Altenburg , queen of Hanover (d. 1909 )1827 - Augustus Pitt Rivers , English archaeologist (d. 1900 )1857 - Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom , Youngest daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, Prince Consort (d. 1944 )1866 - Anne Sullivan , Helen Keller 's teacher (d. 1936 )1868 - Peter Behrens , German architect (d. 1940 )1870 - Victor Borisov-Musatov , Russian painter (d. 1905 )1870 - Syd Gregory , Australian cricketer (d. 1929 )
1872 - Abdullah Yusuf Ali , Islamic scholar (d. 1953 )1886 - Ernst Robert Curtius , Alsatian philologist (d. 1956 )1891 - B. R. Ambedkar , Indian jurist (d.1956 )1892 - Vere Gordon Childe , Australian philologist (d. 1957 )1897 - Claire Windsor , American actress (d. 1972 )1902 - Sylvio Mantha , Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1974 )1904 - Sir John Gielgud , English actor (d. 2000 )1905 - Elizabeth Huckaby , American educator (d. 1999 )1907 - François Duvalier , Haitian politician (d. 1971 )1917 - Marvin Miller , American labor activist1917 - Valerie Hobson , British actress (d. 1998 )
1921 - Thomas Schelling , American economist, Nobel laureate 1923 - Roberto DeVicenzo , Argentine golf player1924 - Shorty Rogers , American jazz musician (d. 1994 )1925 - Gene Ammons , American jazz saxophonist (d. 1974 )1925 - Abel Muzorewa , Prime Minister of Zimbabwe
1925 - Rod Steiger , American actor (d. 2002 )
1926 - Frank Daniel , Czech-born writer, director and teacher (d. 1996 )1926 - Liz Renay , American actress (d. 2007 )
1927 - Alan MacDiarmid , New Zealand chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2007 )1927 - Dany Robin , French actress (d. 1995 )
1929 - Gerry Anderson , English television producer1930 - Bradford Dillman , American actor1931 - Paul Masnick , Canadian ice hockey player1932 - Bob Grant , English actor (d. 2003 )1934 - Fredric Jameson , American philosopher, cultural theorist1935 - Loretta Lynn , American singer/songwriter1935 - Erich von Däniken , Swiss writer
1936 - Kenneth Mars , American actor1936 - Frank Serpico , American policeman
1936 - Bobby Nichols , American professional golfer
1941 - Julie Christie , British actress1941 - Pete Rose , American baseball player
1942 - Valentin Lebedev , Russian cosmonaut1942 - Björn Rosengren , Swedish politician
1945 - Ritchie Blackmore , English guitarist1945 - Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi , 8th Prime Minister of Samoa
1948 - Anastasios Papaligouras , Greek lawyer and politician1949 - DeAnne Julius , American/English economist1949 - John Shea , American actor
1951 - Julian Lloyd Webber , English cellist1952 - Mickey O'Sullivan , Irish sportsman1953 - David Buss , Evolutionary psychologist1954 - Bruce Sterling , American science fiction author1957 - Lothaire Bluteau , Canadian actor1957 - Richard Jeni , American comedian (d. 2007 )
1957 - Mikhail Pletnev , Russian pianist, conductor and composer
1958 - John D'Aquino , American actor1960 - Brad Garrett , American actor1961 - Robert Carlyle , British actor1964 - Greg Battle , Canadian Football League player1965 - Tom Dey , American film director1966 - David Justice , American baseball player1966 - Greg Maddux , American baseball player
1966 - André Boisclair , Quebec politician (Parti Québécois )
1967 - Barrett Martin , American drummer and composer1967 - Nicola Berti , Italian International footballer
1967 - Alain Côté , French Canadian ice hockey player
1968 - Anthony Michael Hall , American actor1969 - Brad Ausmus , American baseball player1969 - Vebjørn Selbekk , Norwegian journalist
1969 - Martyn LeNoble , Dutch musician
1969 - Mark Macon , American basketball player1970 - Shizuka Kudō , Japanese singer1970 - Emre Altuğ , Turkish singer
1971 - Miguel Calero , Colombian footballer1971 - Peter Gibson , American writer
1971 - Gregg Zaun , American baseball player
1972 - Paul Devlin , England-born Scottish footballer1972 - Roberto Mejia , Dominican baseball player
1973 - Roberto Ayala , Argentine footballer1973 - Adrien Brody , American actor
1973 - David Miller , American tenor (Il Divo )
1974 - Shawntae Harris , American rapper1975 - Amy Dumas , American professional wrestler1975 - Veronika Zemanová , Czech model
1975 - Avner Dorman , Israeli composer
1976 - Anna DeForge , American basketball player1976 - Jason Wiemer , Canadian ice hockey player
1976 - Kyle Farnsworth , American baseball player
1977 - Sarah Michelle Gellar , American actress1979 - Rebecca DiPietro , American model1979 - Randal McCloy , Survivor of the Sago Mine Disaster
1979 - Noé Pamarot , French footballer
1980 - Ben Wells , American actor1980 - Win Butler , American/Canadian musician (Arcade Fire )
1983 - James McFadden , Scottish footballer1983 - William Yaw Obeng , Arena Football League lineman
1983 - Nikoloz Tskitishvili , American basketball player
1984 - Adán Sánchez , Mexican-American singer (d. 2004 )1986 - Matt Derbyshire , English footballer1986 - Anne Watanabe , Japanese model1993 - Vivien Cardone , an American actress1993 - Graham Phillips (actor) , American actor1996 - Abigail Breslin , American child actress
Deaths
1132 - Mstislav of Kiev (b. 1076 )1279 - Boleslaus of Greater Poland 1322 - Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord Badlesmere , English soldier (b. 1275 )1345 - Richard Aungerville , English bishop and writer (b. 1287 )1471 - Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick , English kingmaker (b. 1428 )1574 - Louis of Nassau , Dutch general (killed in battle) (b. 1538 )1578 - James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell , consort of Mary I of Scotland 1599 - Henry Wallop , English statesman1662 - William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele , English statesman (b. 1582 )1682 - Avvakum , Russian priest and writer (b. 1621 )1716 - Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington , British admiral1721 - Michel Chamillart , French statesman (b. 1652 )1759 - George Frideric Handel , German composer (b. 1685 )1785 - William Whitehead , English writer (b. 1715 )1792 - Maximilian Hell , Slovakian astronomer (b. 1720 )1910 - Mikhail Vrubel , Russian painter (b. 1856 )1911 - Addie Joss , American baseball player (b. 1880 )1911 - Henri Elzéar Taschereau , French Canadian jurist and Chief Justice of Canada (b. 1836 )
1912 - Henri Brisson , French statesman (b. 1835 )1914 - Hubert Bland , English co-founder of the Fabian Society (b. 1855 )1917 - Ludovich Lazarus Zamenhof , Polish creator of Esperanto (b. 1859 )1925 - John Singer Sargent , English artist (b. 1856 )1930 - Vladimir Mayakovsky , Russian writer (b. 1893 )1935 - Amalie Emmy Noether , German mathematician (b. 1882 )1941 - Guillermo Kahlo , father of Frida Kahlo (b. 1871 )1950 - Sri Ramana Maharshi , Indian philosopher (b. 1879 )1964 - Tatyana Alexeyevna Afanasyeva , Russian/Dutch mathematician (b. 1876 )1964 - Rachel Carson , American environmentalist (b. 1907 )
1968 - Al Benton , American baseball player (b. 1911 )1975 - Fredric March , American actor (b. 1897 )1976 - José Revueltas , Mexican writer (b. 1914 )1983 - Pete Farndon , English bassist (The Pretenders ) (b. 1952 )1984 - Dionisis Papagiannopoulos , Greek actor (b. 1912 )1985 - Noele Gordon , English actress (b. 1919 )1986 - Simone de Beauvoir , French feminist writer (b. 1908 )1990 - Thurston Harris , American singer (b. 1931 )1994 - Salimuzzaman Siddiqui , Pakistani scientist and scholar (b. 1897 )1995 - Burl Ives , American singer and actor (b. 1909 )1999 - Ellen Corby , American actress (b. 1911 )1999 - Anthony Newley , British actor and singer (b. 1931 )
2000 - Frenchy Bordagaray , American baseball player (b. 1910 )2000 - Phil Katz , American computer programmer (b. 1962 )
2000 - Wilf Mannion , English footballer (b. 1918 )
2001 - Hiroshi Teshigahara , Japanese director (b. 1927 )2004 - Micheline Charest , French Canadian television producer (b. 1953 )2006 - Mahmut Bakalli , Kosovo politician (b. 1936 )2007 - June Callwood , Canadian journalist, author and social activist (b. 1924 )2007 - Don Ho , American musician (b. 1930 )
2008 - Tommy Holmes , American baseball player (b. 1918 )2008 - Ollie Johnston , the last living member of Disney's Nine Old Men . (b. 1912 )
Holidays and observances
External links
