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August 19 leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . There are 134 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
43 BC - Octavian , later known as Augustus, compels the senate to elect him Consul .1504 - Battle of Knockdoe .1561 - An 18-year-old Mary Queen of Scots returns to Scotland , after spending 13 years in France .1692 - Salem witch trials : In Salem, Massachusetts , Province of Massachusetts Bay five people, one woman and four men, including a clergyman , are executed after being convicted of witchcraft .1745 - Jacobite Rising , Prince Charles Edward Stuart lands from a French warship in Glenfinnan , raises his standard and marches on London - the start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion known as "the 45".1768 - Saint Isaac's Cathedral is founded in Saint Petersburg , Russia .1782 - American Revolutionary War : Battle of Blue Licks - The last major engagement of the war, almost ten months after the surrender of the British commander Lord Cornwallis following the Siege of Yorktown .1812 - War of 1812 : American frigate USS Constitution British frigate HMS Guerrière Nova Scotia , Canada earning her nickname "Old Ironsides ".1813 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina 's second triumvirate.1839 - Presentation of Jacque Daguerre's new photographic process to the French Academy of Sciences .1848 - California Gold Rush : The New York Herald East Coast of the United States of the gold rush in California (although the rush started in January ).1862 - Indian Wars : During an uprising in Minnesota , Lakota warriors decide not to attack heavily-defended Fort Ridgely and instead turn to the settlement of New Ulm , killing white settlers along the way.1895 - American frontier murderer and outlaw, John Wesley Hardin , is killed by an off-duty policeman in a saloon in El Paso, Texas .1915 - World War I : The Battle of Van begins1919 - Afghanistan gains full independence from the United Kingdom .1927 - Metropolitan Sergius proclaimed the declaration of loyalty of the Russian Orthodox Church to the Soviet state.1934 - The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio .1934 - The creation of the position Führer approved by the German electorate with 89.9% of the popular vote.
1942 - World War II : Operation Jubilee - The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division leads an allied forces amphibious assault on Dieppe, France .1944 - World War II : Liberation of Paris - Paris rises against German occupation with the help of Allied troops.1945 - Vietnam War : Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh take power in Hanoi , Vietnam .1953 - Cold War : The CIA helps to overthrow the government of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran and reinstate the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi .1955 - In the Northeast United States , severe flooding caused by Hurricane Diane , claims 200 lives.1960 - Cold War : In Moscow , downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers is sentenced to ten years imprisonment by the Soviet Union for espionage .1960 - Sputnik program : Sputnik 5 - The Soviet Union launches the satellite with the dogs Belka and Strelka , 40 mice , 2 rats and a variety of plants .
1965 - Japanese prime minister Eisaku Sato becomes the first post-World War II sitting prime minister to visit Okinawa .1975 - The cricket test match between England and Australia is called off after the pitch is vandalised by supporters of George Davis .1980 - Saudia Flight 163 , a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar burns after making an emergency landing at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , killing 301 people.1981 - Gulf of Sidra Incident : United States fighters intercept and shoot down two Libyan Sukhoi Su-22 fighter jets over the Gulf of Sidra .1987 - Hungerford Massacre : In the United Kingdom , Michael Ryan kills sixteen people with an assault rifle and then commits suicide .1989 - Polish president Wojciech Jaruzelski nominates Solidarity activist Tadeusz Mazowiecki to be the first non-communist Prime Minister in 42 years.1989 - Raid on offshore pirate station, Radio Caroline in North Sea by British and Dutch governments.1990 - Leonard Bernstein conducts his final concert, ending with Ludwig van Beethoven 's Symphony No. 7 .1991 - Collapse of the Soviet Union , August Coup : Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev placed under house arrest while on holiday in the town of Foros , Crimea .1991 - Hurricane Bob hits the Northeast.
1997 - The Teamsters end their 15-day walkout against United Parcel Service .1999 - In Belgrade , tens of thousands of Serbians rally to demand the resignation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia President Slobodan Milošević .2002 - A Russian Mi-26 helicopter carrying troops is hit by a Chechen missile outside of Grozny , killing 118 soldiers.2003 - A car-bomb attack on United Nations headquarters in Iraq kills the agency's top envoy Sergio Vieira de Mello and 21 other employees.2003 - A Hamas planned suicide attack on a bus in Jerusalem kills 23 Israelis, 7 of them children in the Jerusalem bus 2 massacre .
2005 - The first-ever joint military exercise between Russia and China , called Peace Mission 2005 begins.2005 - A series of strong storms lash Southern Ontario spawning several tornadoes as well as creating extreme flash flooding within the city of Toronto and its surrounding communities .
Births
1342 - Katharine of Bohemia , Duchess of Bavaria (d. 1395 )1398 - Marqués de Santillana , Spanish poet (d. 1458 )1557 - Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1608 )1590 - Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland , English soldier (d. 1649 )1596 - Elizabeth Stuart , Electress Palatine and Queen of Bohemia (d. 1662 )1621 - Gerbrand van den Eeckhout , Dutch painter (d. 1674 )1631 - John Dryden , English poet (d. 1700 )1646 - John Flamsteed , English astronomer (d. 1719 )1686 - Eustace Budgell , English writer (d. 1737 )1686 - Nicola Porpora , Italian composer (d. 1768 )
1689 - Samuel Richardson , English writer (d. 1761 )1711 - Edward Boscawen , British admiral (d. 1761 )1743 - Madame du Barry , French courtesan (d. 1793 )1846 - Luis Martín , Spanish Superior-General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1906 )1848 - Gustave Caillebotte , French Painter (d. 1894 )1853 - Aleksei Brusilov , Russian general (d. 1926 )1870 - Bernard Baruch , American financier (d. 1965 )1871 - Orville Wright , American aviation pioneer (d. 1948 )1875 - Stjepan Seljan , Croatian explorer (d. 1936 )1878 - Manuel Quezon , President of the Philippines (d. 1944 )1881 - George Enescu , Romanian composer (d. 1955 )1883 - José Mendes Cabeçadas , 95th Prime Minister of Portugal and 9th President of Portugal (d. 1965 )1883 - Coco Chanel , French clothing designer (d. 1971 )
1883 - Elsie Ferguson , American film actress (d. 1961 )
1892 - Alfred Lunt , American actor (d. 1977 )1896 - Olga Baclanova , Russian-born actress (d. 1974 )1899 - Charlie Hall , English comedian actor (d. 1959 )1900 - Gilbert Ryle , British philosopher (d. 1976 )1902 - Ogden Nash , American poet (d. 1971 )1902 - J. B. L. Reyes , Filipino jurist (d. 1994 )
1903 - James Gould Cozzens , American novelist (d. 1978 )1906 - Philo Farnsworth , American inventor (d. 1971 )1907 - Thruston B. Morton , American politician (d. 1982 )1912 - Austin Dobson , British racing driver (d. 1963 )1913 - Richard Simmons , American actor (d. 2003 )1913 - John Argyris , Greek aeronautical engineer, one of the creators of the Finite Element Method (d. 2004 )
1914 - Lajos Baróti , Hungarian footballer (d. 2005 )1915 - Ring Lardner Jr , American journalist and screenwriter (d. 2000 )1915 - Alfred Rouleau , French Canadian businessman and administrator (Desjardins Group ) (d. 1985 )
1919 - Malcolm Forbes , American publisher (d. 1990 )1921 - Gene Roddenberry , American television producer (d. 1991 )1925 - Claude Gauvreau , Canadian playwright (d. 1971 )1926 - Arthur Rock , American venture capitalist1928 - Bernard Levin , English journalist, author, and broadcaster (d. 2004 )1928 - Norman Brooks , Canadian singer (d. 2006 )
1930 - Frank McCourt , Irish-American author1931 - Willie Shoemaker , American jockey (d. 2003 )1934 - Renée Richards , American physician1935 - Bobby Richardson , American baseball player1938 - Diana Muldaur , American actress1939 - Ginger Baker , English drummer (Cream )1940 - Johnny Nash , American singer-songwriter1940 - Jill St. John , American actress
1942 - Fred Thompson , American politician and actor1943 - Billy J. Kramer , British singer1944 - Buzz Kilman , Chicago radio personality 1944 - Bodil Malmsten , Swedish writer
1944 - Charles Wang , Chinese-born philanthropist
1945 - Ian Gillan , English singer (Deep Purple )1946 - Bill Clinton , Former American president1946 - Beat Raaflaub , Swiss conductor
1946 - Dawn Steel , American film producer (d. 1997 )
1947 - Dave Dutton , English actor1947 - Terry Hoeppner , American football coach (d. 2007 )
1947 - Gerard Schwarz , American conductor
1948 - Gerald McRaney , American actor1948 - Tipper Gore , Second Lady of the United States
1950 - Jennie Bond , British journalist1951 - John Deacon , English musician (Queen )1951 - Gustavo Santaolalla , Argentine film composer
1952 - Jonathan Frakes , American actor and director1953 - Nanni Moretti , Italian film actor, director and producer1953 - Mary Matalin , American political consultant1954 - Oscar Larrauri , Argentine racing driver1955 - Peter Gallagher , American actor1955 - Ned Yost , American baseball player and manager
1956 - Adam Arkin , American actor1957 - Li-Young Lee , Indonesia-born American poet1958 - Anthony Muñoz , American football player1958 - Gary Gaetti , American baseball player
1958 - Brendan Nelson , Australian politician
1959 - Susan Cummings , Monegasque-born American heiress and convicted murderer1960 - Morten Andersen , American football player1960 - Antonio Banderas , Spanish actor
1961 - Jonathan Coe , British author1962 - Tammy Bruce , American political commentator1962 - Valérie Kaprisky , French actress
1963 - John Stamos , American actor1963 - Yip Sai Wing , Hong Kong musician (Beyond )
1963 - Joey Tempest , Swedish singer (Europe )
1965 - Kyra Sedgwick , American actress1965 - Kevin Dillon , American actor
1965 - Maria de Medeiros , Portuguese actress and director
1966 - Lee Ann Womack , American musician1968 - Nikolaos Kaklamanakis , Greek windsurfer1968 - Mark McGuinn , country music singer
1969 - Nate Dogg , American rapper1969 - Kirk Herbstreit , American football analyst (College GameDay )
1969 - Emigdio Preciado , Hispanic fugitive on FBI's Most Wanted list
1969 - Paula Jai Parker , American actress
1969 - Matthew Perry , American actor
1969 - Kazuyoshi Tatsunami , Japanese baseball player
1969 - Patrick Van Horn , American actor
1969 - Clay Walker , American singer
1970 - Fat Joe , American rapper1971 - João Vieira Pinto , Portuguese football player1972 - Roberto Abbondanzieri , Argentine footballer1972 - Sammi Cheng Sau Man , Hong Kong singer and actress
1972 - Chihiro Yonekura , Japanese singer
1973 - Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway 1973 - Callum Blue , British actor
1973 - Marco Materazzi , Italian footballer
1973 - Lilian Garcia , wrestling announcer
1975 - Tracie Thoms , American actress1977 - Iban Mayo , Spanish cyclist1978 - Chris Capuano , American baseball player1979 - Dave Douglas , American musician (Relient K )1979 - Oumar Kondé , Swiss footballer
1980 - Jun Jin , Korean rapper (Shinhwa )1980 - Darius Danesh , Scottish singer-songwriter & actor
1980 - Paul Parry , Welsh footballer
1980 - Michael Todd , American musician (Coheed and Cambria )
1982 - Erika Christensen , American actress1982 - J. J. Hardy , American baseball player
1983 - Missy Higgins , Australian singer-songwriter1983 - John McCargo , American football player
1983 - Tammin Sursok , Australian actress & singer
1983 - Mike Conway , British racing driver
1984 - Micah Alberti , American actor1984 - Alessandro Matri , Italian footballer
1984 - Ryan Taylor , English footballer
1985 - Megan Rochell , American singer1986 - Saori Kimura , Japanese volleyball player1987 - Anaïs Lameche , Swedish singer (Play )1987 - Ileana D'Cruz , Indian actress
1987 - Richard Stearman , English footballer
1988 - Travis Tedford , American actor1989 - Romeo , American rapper1998 - Ella Guevara , Filipino child actress
Deaths
14 - Augustus , Roman Emperor (b. 63 BC )1186 - Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1158 )1245 - Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence (b. 1195 )1284 - Alphonso, Earl of Chester , son of Edward I of England (b. 1273 )1297 - Saint Louis of Toulouse , French Catholic bishop (b. 1274 )1493 - Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1415 )1580 - Andrea Palladio , Italian architect (b. 1508 )1646 - Alexander Henderson , Scottish theologian1662 - Blaise Pascal , French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (b. 1623 )1680 - Jean Eudes , French catholic priest, founder of the Eudists (b. 1601 )1753 - Balthasar Neumann , German architect (b. 1687 )1819 - James Watt , Scottish inventor (b. 1736 )1822 - Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre , French mathematician (b. 1749 )1883 - Jeremiah S. Black , American statesman (b. 1810 )1889 - Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam , French writer (b. 1838 )1895 - John Wesley Hardin , American gunfighter (b. 1853 )1900 - Jean-Baptiste Accolay , Belgian composer (b. 1833 )1914 - Franz Xavier Wernz , German Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1844 )1923 - Vilfredo Pareto , Italian sociologist and economist (b. 1845 )1929 - Sergei Diaghilev , Russian ballet impresario (b. 1872 )1936 - Federico García Lorca , Spanish author (b. 1898 )1944 - Günther von Kluge , German field marshal (b. 1882 )1945 - Tomas Burgos , Chilean philanthropist (b.1875 )1950 - Giovanni Giorgi , Italian physicist (b. 1871 )1954 - Alcide De Gasperi , Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1881 )1957 - David Bomberg , English painter (b. 1890 )1957 - Carl-Gustaf Rossby , Swedish meteorologist (b. 1898 )
1959 - Jacob Epstein , American-born sculptor (b. 1880 )1959 - Blind Willie McTell , American blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist (b. 1901 )
1963 - Kathleen Parlow , Canadian violinist (b. 1890 )1967 - Hugo Gernsback , Luxembourg-born editor and publisher (b. 1884 )1968 - George Gamow , Ukrainian-born physicist (b. 1904 )1969 - Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , German architect (b. 1886 )1970 - Paweł Jasienica , Polish historian (b. 1909 )1975 - Mark Donohue , American race car driver and engineer (b.1937 )1975 - Jim Londos , wrestler (b. 1897 )
1976 - Alastair Sim , Scottish actor and rector of Edinburgh University (b. 1900 )1977 - Groucho Marx , American comedian and actor (b. 1890 )1979 - Dorsey Burnette , American singer (b. 1932 )1980 - Otto Frank , father of Anne Frank (b. 1889 )1981 - Jessie Matthews , English actress (b. 1907 )1982 - August Neo , Estonian wrestler (b. 1908 )1986 - Hermione Baddeley , English actress (b. 1906 )1994 - Linus Pauling , American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Peace (b. 1901 )1995 - Pierre Schaeffer , French composer (b. 1910 )2000 - Antonio Pugliese , Italian professional wrestler (b. 1941 )2000 - Bineshwar Brahma , Bodo literateur and religious figure (birth date unknown)
2001 - Donald Woods , South African journalist and anti-apartheid activist (b. 1933 )2001 - Betty Everett , American singer and pianist (b. 1939 )
2003 - Carlos Roberto Reina , President of Honduras (b. 1926 )2003 - Sérgio Vieira de Mello , Brazilian diplomat (b. 1948 )
2005 - Bueno de Mesquita , Dutch comedian and actor (b. 1918 )
Holidays and observances
External links
