Comparison of programming languages (strings)

Concatenation

Different languages use different symbols for the concatenation operator. Most languages use the "+" symbol, though several deviate from this norm.

Common variants

Unique variants

• Awk uses the empty string: two expressions adjacent to each other are concatenated. This is called juxtaposition. Unix shells have a similar syntax. Rexx uses this syntax for concatenation including an intervening space.
• C allows juxtaposition for string literals, however, for strings stored as character arrays, the strcat function must be used.
• MATLAB and Octave use the syntax "[x y]" to concatenate x and y.
• Visual Basic Versions 1 to 6 can also use the "+" sign but, this leads to ambiguity if a string representing a number and a number is added together.
• Microsoft Excel allows both "&" and the function "=CONCATENATE(X,Y)".

String literals

This section compares styles for declaring a string literal.

Quoted raw

Quoted interpolated

Escaped quotes

Dual quoting

Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (June 2008)

Multiple quoting

Here document

Unique quoting variants