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Culture · Geography · Health · History · Mathematics · Natural sciences · Philosophy · Religion · Society · Technology
LGBT is an abbreviation used as a collective term to refer to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender persons. While not without controversy, the term is more inclusive than homosexual or gay. The abbreviation GLBT, formerly common, has largely been replaced by LGBT. By 2005 LGBT had been adopted by the majority of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community centers as well as the press in most English-speaking countries. Homosexuality is one of the main classifications of sexual orientation and is defined as romantic attraction and/or sexual attraction between individuals of the same sex. In modern use, the adjective homosexual is used for intimate relationships and/or sexual relations between people of the same sex, who may or may not identify themselves as gay or lesbian. Homosexuality is usually contrasted with heterosexuality and bisexuality. The term gay is used predominantly to refer to self-identified homosexual people of either sex, whereas lesbian is only used for self-identified homosexual females. Around the world, state restrictions and protections regarding same-sex sexuality and relationships range from the death penalty for sexual acts to full marriage for same-sex couples. Among the first recorded laws on same-sex relations ca. 600 BCE are those in ancient Crete and Sparta, which encouraged all adult men to engage in mentoring homoerotic friendships. Trembling Before G-d is a 2001 documentary film about gay and lesbian Orthodox Jews trying to reconcile their sexuality with their faith. It was directed by Sandi Simcha DuBowski, who wanted to compare Orthodox attitudes to homosexuality with his own upbringing as a gay Conservative Jew. The film won several awards, including Best Documentary Film at the 2001 Berlin Film Festival, the 2001 Chicago International Film Festival, and the 2003 GLAAD Media Awards. Trembling Before G-d is filmed in the style of cinéma vérité. This style of filmmaking aims for extreme naturalism using non-intrusive filming techniques, genuine locations instead of sound stages, and little post-production mixing or voiceovers. (MORE...) 
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Alan Mathison Turing, OBE (June 23, 1912 – June 7, 1954), was an English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer. He is often considered to be the father of modern computer science and Turing machines are to this day the central object of study in theory of computation. During the Second World War, Turing worked at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre, and was for a time head of Hut 8, the section responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. He devised a number of techniques for breaking German ciphers, including the method of the bombe, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine. In 1945, Turing was awarded the OBE for his wartime services, but his work remained secret for many years. In 1952, Turing was convicted of "acts of gross indecency" after admitting to a sexual relationship with a man in Manchester. He was placed on probation and required to undergo hormone therapy. Turing died after eating an apple laced with cyanide in 1954. His death was ruled as suicide. (MORE...)
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