At low engine speeds the wave pressure within the pipe network is low and hence to increase low RPM torque large amplitude exhaust pressure waves are artificially induced. This is achieved by partial closing of an internal butterfly valve within the exhaust at the point where the four primary pipes from the cylinders join. This junction point essentially behaves as an artificial atmosphere, hence the alteration of the pressure at this point controls the behavior of reflected waves at this sudden increase in area discontinuity. Closing the valve increases the local pressure, hence inducing the formation of larger amplitude negative reflected expansion waves. This thus enhances low speed torque up to an RPM where the loss due to increased back pressure outweighs the SET tuning effect. At higher RPM’s the SET valve is fully opened and the exhaust is allowed to flow freely. See also
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