Article on other languages:
- UID
- User_identifier
- User_identifier
- ユーザー識別子
- Identyfikator_użytkownika
- Идентификатор_пользователя_(Unix)
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On Unix-like operating systems, users are identified within the kernel by an unsigned integer value called a user identifier, often abbreviated to UID or User ID. The range of its values varies amongst different systems; at the very least, a UID is a 15-bit integer, ranging between 0 and 32767, with the following restrictions:
- The superuser must always have a UID of zero (0).
- The user "nobody" was traditionally assigned the largest possible UID (as the opposite of the Superuser), 32767. More recently, the user is assigned a UID in the system range (1–100, see below) or between 65530–65535.
- UIDs from 1 to 100 are otherwise reserved for system use by convention; some manuals recommend that UIDs from 101 to 499 (RedHat) or even 999 (Debian) be reserved as well.
The UID value references users in the /etc/passwd file. Shadow password files and Network Information Service also refer to numeric UIDs. The user identifier is a necessary component of Unix file systems and processes. Some operating systems might have support for 16-bit UIDs, making 65536 unique IDs possible, though a modern system with 32-bit UIDs will potentially make 4,294,967,296 (232) distinct values available.
