The velarizedalveolar lateral approximant, which may actually be pharyngealized, also known as dark l, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spokenlanguages. Velarization/Pharyngealization is generally associated with more dental articulations of coronal consonants so that dark l tends to be dental or denti-alveolar while clear l tends to be retracted to an alveolar position.[1]
Features of the velarized alveolar lateral approximant:
Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.
Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association25 (2): 90-94
Daniel, Jones & Ward Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
Recasens, Daniel & Aina Espinosa (2005), "Articulatory, positional and coarticulatory characteristics for clear /l/ and dark /l/: evidence from two Catalan dialects", Journal of the International Phonetic Association35 (1): 1-25
Roca, Iggy & Wyn Johnson (1999), written at Essex, A Course in Phonology, Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 0-631-21346-5
Verhoeven, Jo (2005), "Belgian Standard Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association35 (2): 243-247
Watson, Janet (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, Oxford University Press
This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
