Verb Subject Object

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Linguistic typology
Morphological
Isolating
Synthetic
Polysynthetic
Fusional
Agglutinative
Morphosyntactic
Alignment
Accusative
Ergative
Split ergative
Philippine
Active-stative
Tripartite
Inverse marking
Syntactic pivot
Theta role
Word Order
VO languages
Subject Verb Object
Verb Subject Object
Verb Object Subject
OV languages
Subject Object Verb
Object Subject Verb
Object Verb Subject
Time Manner Place
Place Manner Time

Verb Subject Object (VSO) is a term in linguistic typology. It represents one type of languages when classifying languages according to the sequence of these constituents in neutral expressions: Ate Sam oranges.

Examples of languages with VSO word order include formal (especially Classical) Arabic, the Insular Celtic branch of the Celtic language family, that is Gaelic languages (Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx) and Brythonic languages (Welsh, Cornish and Breton), Classic Maya, ancient Egyptian, Tagalog, Cebuano, Hawaiian, Pangasinan, Māori, Classical Hebrew, and Tongan.

Examples

Formal Arabic is a prime example of a language that favors VSO. For example:

Sentence قرأ المدرس الكتاب
Words الكتاب المدرس قرأ
DIN 31635 al-kitāba al-mudarrisu Qara'a
Gloss
(words are in reverse order as Arabic is written right-to-left)
Read the teacher the book.
Parts Object Subject Verb
Translation Read - the teacher - book.

Inversion into VSO

There are many languages which switch from SVO (Subject Verb Object) order to VSO order with different constructions, usually for emphasis. For example, sentences in English poetry can sometimes be found to have a VSO order; Arabic sentences use an SVO order or a VSO order depending on whether the subject or the verb is more important.

Non-VSO languages that use VSO word order in questions include English, many Germanic languages, French, and Spanish.

See also

This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.


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