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Someone or something that helps or encourages progress or change.
A catalyst is a person who guides discussion and activity towards forming consensus and towards productive efforts like writing an encyclopedia through gentle nudging, and patience. They are often the driving force behind barn raising efforts, yet they often go unrecognized and unrewarded for their efforts.
A catalyst is the calm voice urging moderation in a dispute. They will try to get the sides to worktogether in a dispute, before it gets out of hand.
What a catalyst is not.
A catalyst is not necessarily an administrator, as catalysts do their work through gentle persuasion and not the use of force. A catalyst is not there to reinforce a specific point of view, but rather to foster consensus.
Why does Wikipedia need them?
In any project based on community collaboration, friction is bound to develop. Skillful application of diplomacy and leadership help a community to work together smoothly, reducing conflict and encouraging people to contribute.
A catalyst knows when to Ignore all rules, and refrains from Wikilawyering even while using policy and guidelines as appropriate to guide others towards appropriate on-wiki behavior.
A catalyst encourages and motivates other editors. Showing courtesy breeds respect, respect fosters cooperation instead of personal attacks.
A catalyst is an active, but unobtrusive participant in discussions, keeping them moving, but not dominating them.
A catalyst is an example of our principles, leading others through carefully considered action.
A catalyst remembers that no matter what their role on the project, we all represent Wikipedia whether we realize it or not. Over time, if you are effective in the catalyst role, people will learn to follow your lead, so make sure you set the right example, and convey the right message to other participants. See meatball:RoleModel
A catalyst is cooperative, and understands that cooperation breeds consensus. A catalyst tries to get people involved in resolving problems cooperatively.