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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Spanish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Spanish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Spanish.
| IPA |
Examples |
English approximation |
| Consonants |
| b |
bestia; vaca; envidia |
best |
| β |
bebé; vivir [1] |
Between baby and bevy |
| d |
dedo; cuando; aldaba |
dead |
| ð |
arder; ciudad; padre [1] |
this |
| f |
fase; café |
face |
| ɡ |
gato; lengua; guerra |
got |
| ɣ |
trigo; Argos[1] |
between a light go and ahold |
| ʝ |
poyo [1] |
between beige and d'you |
| k |
caña; laca; quisimos |
scan |
| l |
lino; calor; principal |
lean |
| ʎ |
llave; pollo [2] |
million (like /ʝ/ in most dialects) |
| m |
madre; comer; anfibio |
mother |
| n |
nido; anillo; sin |
need |
| ŋ |
cinco; venga; Don Juan |
sing; rink |
| ɲ |
ñoquis; cabaña |
canyon |
| θ |
cereza; zorro; lacero; paz [3] |
thing (only in the Spain dialect; otherwise, like /s/ in other dialects) |
| p |
pozo; topo |
spouse |
| r |
raro; perro; enrachado; alrededor; amor eterno |
trilled 'r' |
| ɾ |
pero; bravo; amor eterno |
like ladder in American English |
| s |
saco; casa; puertas |
sack |
| t |
tamiz; átomo |
stand |
| tʃ |
chubasco; acechar |
choo |
| x |
jamón; general; suje, reloj[4] |
Loch, Bach (like ham in many dialects) |
| z |
rasgo, mismo |
schism |
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| IPA |
Examples |
English approximation |
| Monophthongs |
| a |
falso |
father |
| e |
peso |
bed |
| i |
cinco; y |
see |
| o |
bosque |
code |
| u |
cucaracha |
food |
| Diphthongs |
| ai |
hay; aire |
eye |
| au |
pausa |
house; trout |
| ei |
rey; peine |
ray; slave; vein |
| eu |
neutro |
"eh-oo" or "ey-oo""[5] |
| ja |
hacia; diabólico |
"yah": yonder; embryonic |
| je |
tierra; asiento |
yellow; Juliet |
| jo |
radio |
audio; embryo |
| ju |
viuda |
beauty; mute; you |
| oi |
hoy; oiga |
boycott; coin; poison |
| ou |
bou |
broke; floating; blow |
| wa |
cuadro; Juan |
quality; wad |
| we |
fuego |
"weh": sequential; when |
| wi |
fuimos |
"wee": sweet; weep |
| wo |
cuota |
quota |
| Other symbols used in transcription of Spanish pronunciation |
| IPA |
Explanation |
| ˈ |
Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable),
for example viuda [ˈbjuða] |
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Notes
- ^ a b c d /b/, /d/, /ʝ/ and /ɡ/ are approximants ([β̞], [ð̞], [ʝ˕] [ɣ˕]; represented here without the undertacks) in all places except after a pause, after an /n/ or /m/, or—in the case of /d/ and /ʝ/—after an /l/, in which contexts they are stops [b, d, ɟʝ, ɡ], not dissimilar from English b, d, j, g.(Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003:257-8).
- ^ In metropolitan areas of the Iberian Peninsula and some South American countries, /ʎ/ has merged into /ʝ/; the actual realization depends on dialect; see yeísmo and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
- ^ In Andalusia, Canary Islands, and Latin America /θ/ has merged into /s/; see ceceo and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
- ^ For many speakers, the j is silent at the end of a word, in which case reloj is pronounced [reˈlo].
- ^ In English, something similar to /eu/ is sometimes heard for "oh" in exaggerations of the Queen's English by American comedians such as Carol Burnett.
See also
References
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259
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